Could the ‘rights of nature’ save Yasuní and keep its oil in the ground?
In 2023, nearly 60% of people in Ecuador voted to stop oil drilling in the Ishpingo-Tambococha-Tiputini (ITT) oil field, a decision that would keep a billion barrels of oil in the ground. The Yasuní National Park in the Amazon has one of the highest levels of biodiversity on earth, is home to endangered species and fragile ecosystems, and was designated a national park by Ecuador in 1979, as well as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 1989. Multiple Indigenous groups live in the Yasuní, whose territorial rights are recognized by Ecuador’s Constitution. These groups include the Tagaeri and Taromenane who live in voluntary isolation. A petition was brought to Ecuador's Constitutional Court to bring the Yasuní citizen-proposed initiative (consulta popular) to a vote. Following this, the court ordered the suspension of oil drilling within one year, as consultas populares are binding and require immediate enforcement. However, drilling continues as government officials and oil corporations seek to put the vote outcomes on hold by citing costs and engineering challenges. These actions unconstitutionally ignore the will of the people and raise democratic questions. With the lack of enforcement, citizens have returned to the Constitutional Court for help, asking to invoke the rights of nature as a central argument to protect the Yasuní.